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At the same time, cinematography can by no means be called a "technical" art. Man's primordial need for a figurative understanding of reality gave birth to this mass form of art. Cinema is synthetic in nature, it combines elements of literature, theater, painting, music, choreography. That is why cinematography operates with many expressive possibilities borrowed from other forms of art. At the same time, cinema has its own specific means and techniques, in particular: perspective (angle of view of the film camera), change of plans (general, medium and large), montage, which combines individual frames in a logical sequence and makes it possible to convey the emotional and psychological tension of the episode.

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At the same time as the Lumiere brothers, J. Méliès began his search in cinema, with whose name the emergence of the feature film phenomenon is associated ("Red Riding Hood", "Blue Beard", "Journey to the Moon", etc.). It is in the bowels of game cinema that a system of genres will begin to form, among which melodrama, comic drama, and adventure film were particularly popular. They existed on the screen both independently and complemented each other.

A characteristic feature of French cinematography in the 30s–60s of the 20th century. was his constant connection with the processes taking place in the philosophical environment. Thus, the creativity of the country's leading cinematographers (M. Carnet, J. Renoir, A. René, etc.), who worked in different historical periods and held different aesthetic positions, was stimulated by the concepts of the outstanding European theoretician A. Bergson. The American "counterculture", which was based on the concept of neo-Freudianism, the idea of ​​youth rebellion, was represented by A. Penn's films "The Chase" and "Little Big Man"; M. Nichols "Graduate"; D. Hopper's "Light Rider"; M. Forman - "One Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest" etc.

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At the same time, an extremely interesting phenomenon is forming in the art of cinema - the "star system". In fact, each genre of game cinema had its own "stars". In the melodrama, they were F. Bertini, E. Santos, M. Jacobini (Italy), A. Nilsson (Denmark), V. Kholodna and I. Mozzhukhin (Russia), R. Valentino (USA); in an adventure film - Musidora (France), W. Hart and D. Fairbanks (USA); the success of the comic drama was associated with the name of the great French actor M. Linder, whose creative output had a significant impact on the development of this genre in world cinema in general and on the work of the world comedy classic Charlie Chaplin in particular.

Avant-garde experiments cover almost all the leading cinematographies of the world. A bright page in the history of cinematography of the 20s is connected with the cinematography of the Soviet period, in particular with the work of L. V. Kuleshov (1899–1970) - "The Extraordinary Adventures of Mr. West in the Country of the Bolsheviks", "Death Ray", etc. - which, based on based on his own "model theory", created the First School of Film Actors (O. Khokhlova, B. Barnet, V. Pudovkin, S. Komarov, etc.); Dzygy Vertov (1896–1954) - an outstanding documentarian, the founder of journalistic cinema ("Sixth part of the world", "Symphony of Donbass") and the FEKS group (Factory of Eccentric Actor), which was organized by H. M. Kozintsev and L. 3. Trauberg , who in their artistic experiments relied on the principles of eccentricity ("Overcoat", "SVD", "New Babylon").

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