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Cinematography has its own genre-genre structure. Unlike other forms of art, the birth date of cinematography can be named absolutely precisely - December 28, 1895. It was on this day in Paris that the brothers O. and L. Lumiere demonstrated their first film program, which contained short documentary sketches: "The exit of workers from factories", "Arrival of the train", etc. The films of the Lumière brothers started the trend towards creating documentary cinema, because in all their pictures a certain immediacy of real reality was recorded.

The concept of film genre began to take shape with the establishment of the Hollywood studio system. It helped systematize the production of films and facilitated their promotion to the market. Each studio specialized in the production of films of a certain genre: Paramount Pictures produced comedies, Universal Studios - horror films, Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer - musicals, etc. At the same time, some directors and actors began to associate the audience with specific genres of movies: director Alfred Hitchcock — with thrillers, Jeffrey Ford — with westerns, Douglas Sirk — with melodramas, Wes Craven and Lamberto Vava — with horror films, John By — with action films , Roland Emmerich — with disaster films.

The last three decades of the 20th century. become a prime time for outstanding artists of our time: F. Fellini - "Rome", "Amarcord", "A ship sails..."; M. Antonioni - "Zabrisky Point", "Profession: reporter"; L. Visconti - "Death of the Gods", "Death in Venice", "Ludwig", "Family portrait in the interior" (Italy); I. Bergman – "Snake's Egg", "Autumn Sonata", "Fanny and Alexander" (Sweden); A. Kurosawa - "Seven Samurai", "Shadow of the Warrior", "Wound" (Japan); A. Tarkovsky - "Andrii Rublev", "Solyarke", "Stalker", "Nostalgia" (Russia).