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The essay devoted to the history of animated cinema belongs to O. Shupyk, the author of numerous articles and books about Ukrainian animation. Having chosen the historical-theoretical aspect of presenting the material, the author singles out the main periods of formation and development of domestic animation. Paying attention to the development of new genre and stylistic solutions, O. Shupyk emphasizes the dynamic development of this type of cinematography, the appearance in its aesthetic space of philosophical parables, eccentric comedies, satirical-grotesque films on modern themes. Moreover, attention is not lost to national thoughts, fairy tales, legends, which were resolved in the folklore-epic vein. The process of changing generations, which resulted in a kind of fruitful competition, does not pass by the author's attention: the youth grew up "on the shoulders" of their predecessors, the "living classics" often followed the path of the searches that young artists were making.

The release of the film M.Forman's "Amadeus" is a brilliant interpretation of creative and personal confrontationMozart and Salieri.In this decade, R. Redford, J. Lange, M.Strip - worthyinheritors of the great acting traditions of the US cinema.Significant gainsAmerican about cinemaof the last two decades are primarily associated with the names of F.F.Coppola (the third part of "The Godfather", "Bram Stoker's Dracula", etc.);S. Spielberg("Schindler's List ", "Jurassic Parkperiod" etc.); R.Zemeckis ("Forrest Gump"); D. Lynch("Blue Velvet ", "Your Shke", etc.).However, at the same time, many others appear on the screensthird-rate film production.Nowadays, almost all the modern ones are included in the Hollywood assembly linefilm genres tending tointeraction: a gangster movie –"Honor seven! Prizzi" by J. Hustonand "Married to the Mafia"J. Demmy (comedy invariance of the genre), "Oncein America" ​​S. Leone, "The WayCarlito"B. de Palma, "On the Crest of the Wave" by K. Biglow (with elements of drama); thriller - a synthesis of detective andhorror film - "Heart of an Angel" by A. Parker, "Silence of the Lambs" by J. Demmy, "Cape Fear" by M.

A characteristic feature of French cinematography in the 30s–60s of the 20th century. was his constant connection with the processes taking place in the philosophical environment. Thus, the creativity of the country's leading cinematographers (M. Carnet, J. Renoir, A. René, etc.), who worked in different historical periods and held different aesthetic positions, was stimulated by the concepts of the outstanding European theoretician A. Bergson. The American "counterculture", which was based on the concept of neo-Freudianism, the idea of ​​youth rebellion, was represented by A. Penn's films "The Chase" and "Little Big Man"; M. Nichols "Graduate"; D. Hopper's "Light Rider"; M. Forman - "One Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest" etc.