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The theoretical basis of the Western avant-garde became the psychoanalytic concept of 3. Freud, the main task of which was to penetrate into the hiding place of the human psyche and explain the specifics of the unconscious. The experiments of the French avant-garde and German expressionists became vivid film illustrations of psychoanalytic theory.

The last three decades of the 20th century. become a prime time for outstanding artists of our time: F. Fellini - "Rome", "Amarcord", "A ship sails..."; M. Antonioni - "Zabrisky Point", "Profession: reporter"; L. Visconti - "Death of the Gods", "Death in Venice", "Ludwig", "Family portrait in the interior" (Italy); I. Bergman – "Snake's Egg", "Autumn Sonata", "Fanny and Alexander" (Sweden); A. Kurosawa - "Seven Samurai", "Shadow of the Warrior", "Wound" (Japan); A. Tarkovsky - "Andrii Rublev", "Solyarke", "Stalker", "Nostalgia" (Russia).

In some texts, the authors focus not so much on the film process as on its historical and social context. Thus, Z. Alfyorova draws attention to those general civilizational conflicts that were related to Ukraine and Ukrainian culture even in Soviet times. The author examines the artistic culture of Ukraine at the intersection of the influences of economic, political and socio-cultural systems and observes how the "crisis of reality", the "replacement of reality with signs of reality" is provoked both by the influence of "official" Soviet culture and the phenomena of early postmodernism. The author rightly notes that the internal dissidence of a certain circle of Ukrainian artists is reflected in the very style of screen works. However, interesting observations and theoretical generalizations do not always find concrete confirmation in the direct examination of the film process.