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The literature and social activities of J. Osborn and J. Kerouac had a significant influence on the American film process of the 60s, which determined the figurative and thematic orientation of the "counterculture" phenomenon. The tendency to the emergence of new directions occurs in the 60s of the XX century. and in the countries of Eastern Europe, in particular, in Russia, there is a "movement of the sixties", which in the art of cinema is associated with the work of M. Khutsiev - "Zastava Ilyich" and "July Rain"; A. Tarkovsky - "Ivan's Childhood"; G. Danelia - "I walk around Moscow", "Don't be sad", and became a cinematic reflection on the "Khrushchev thaw".

The appearance of scientific investigations, articles on the pages of such magazines as "Kino-Kolo", "Kino-Teatr", the publication of monographs devoted to certain problems of domestic cinema, became the basis for an in-depth generalization of the research of film studies and gave rise to the publication of "Essays on the History of Cinematography of Ukraine" under the auspices of the Institute of Contemporary Art Problems, Academy of Arts of Ukraine.

The French "new wave" is directly associated with the work of J.L. Godard - "On the Last Breath"; F. Truffaut - "400 blows"; A. Rene - "Hiroshima, my love." The films of these directors were characterized by improvisation, reportage, which enabled artists to depict the absurdity of the world, the cruel laws of society that oppress the individual. The French invariance of the philosophy of existentialism, which was represented by the concepts of J.-P. Sartre, A. Camus and S. de Beauvoir.